Clear, medically reviewed articles organized by orthopedic oncology, joint replacement, sports injuries, and fractures/general orthopedics.
Showing 80 articles
How solitary plasmacytoma differs from multiple myeloma, why staging and separate biopsies matter, and when fracture stabilization or neural decompression may be needed.
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How a rare epiphyseal bone tumor can mimic a sports injury, what X-ray/CT/MRI show, and when curettage or selected RFA may be considered.
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Osteochondroma is a benign cartilage-capped bone outgrowth. Learn HME genetics, X-ray continuity, MRI cartilage-cap warning signs and when observation or surgery is appropriate.
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How ABC is diagnosed, why fluid-fluid levels are not specific, when planned biopsy is needed, and how sclerotherapy, curettage or embolization may be selected.
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A general guide to osteoblastoma in the spine and extremities, planned biopsy, image-guided treatment, surgery and recurrence follow-up.
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Why osteoid osteoma causes night pain, how thin-slice CT shows the nidus, and when observation, RFA or surgery may be considered.
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X-rays and MRI answer different questions about bone tumors. Learn what each scan shows, when CT helps, and why imaging should usually come before biopsy.
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Learn what a bone tumor pathology report means: benign vs malignant, tumor grade, IHC, molecular tests, margins, and what to do if MRI and biopsy disagree.
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Not every bone lesion needs biopsy. Learn when imaging may be enough, when tissue diagnosis is required, and why bone tumor biopsy must be carefully planned.
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An incidental bone lesion is often benign, but some need MRI, follow-up or biopsy. Learn the warning signs and how specialists decide what comes next.
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Pain around the kneecap with stairs, squats or running may be patellofemoral pain. Learn diagnosis, imaging, rehabilitation and when specialist review is needed.
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Neck-to-arm pain, numbness or weakness may come from a cervical nerve root. Learn how symptoms, MRI, EMG and treatment decisions are interpreted together.
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Little- and ring-finger numbness may come from ulnar nerve compression at the elbow. Learn how cubital tunnel syndrome is diagnosed and treated.
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A wrist or hand lump may be a ganglion cyst. Learn when observation, imaging, aspiration, or surgery may be appropriate.
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Learn the classic median-nerve finger pattern, how carpal tunnel differs from neck or ulnar-nerve problems, and when testing or treatment is appropriate.
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Foot drop is not always a spine problem. Learn how L5 radiculopathy, peroneal nerve injury, EMG/NCS and targeted imaging help localize the cause.
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Warning signs after sports injury, when self-care may be reasonable, when urgent assessment is needed, and how X-ray, MRI, rehabilitation and return to sport are selected.
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Learn what a non-ossifying fibroma is, how NOF appears on X-rays, when observation is enough, fracture risk, follow-up and when surgery may be needed.
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What a simple or unicameral bone cyst is, how fracture risk is assessed, and when observation, injection, decompression, curettage or fixation may be considered.
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How enchondroma is assessed on X-rays, when observation is appropriate, warning features, selective biopsy and when surgery may be considered.
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How fibrous dysplasia is diagnosed, when biopsy is needed, and how fracture, deformity and mechanical risk influence treatment.
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When a second orthopedic opinion can clarify diagnosis, surgery indications, alternatives, revision planning, tumor workup and complex reconstruction decisions.
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Symptoms, examination, MRI, rehabilitation, and when ACL reconstruction may be appropriate for an unstable sports knee.
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Learn when knee replacement may be appropriate, which symptoms matter, what weight-bearing X-rays show, and when non-surgical treatment may no longer be enough.
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Why failed fracture fixation sometimes needs revision fixation and sometimes conversion hip replacement, with special attention to nonunion, AVN, bone loss, hardware removal and occult infection.
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How implant stability, fracture pattern and bone stock determine plate fixation, retrograde nailing, revision knee replacement or distal femoral replacement.
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How severe varus or valgus deformity changes alignment planning, ligament balancing, bone-loss reconstruction and implant constraint in total knee replacement.
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How medical fitness, perioperative risk, blood loss and rehabilitation influence the choice between simultaneous and staged bilateral knee replacement.
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How stem stability, Vancouver classification, fracture pattern and bone stock determine fixation versus revision after a fracture around a hip replacement.
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Why hip replacements dislocate, how recurrent instability is investigated, and when revision, dual mobility or other reconstruction may be considered.
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How hip PJI is diagnosed and when treatment may involve DAIR, one-stage revision or two-stage revision.
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Why a hip replacement may need revision, how loosening, infection, instability, fracture and bone loss are assessed, and how complex reconstruction is planned.
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Why a knee replacement may give way, how instability is diagnosed, and when treatment may involve rehabilitation, polyethylene exchange or revision.
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Why stiffness persists after knee replacement and when treatment may involve rehabilitation, MUA, arthrolysis or revision.
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How knee PJI is diagnosed and when treatment may involve DAIR, one-stage exchange or two-stage revision.
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When revision TKA is appropriate, how failed implants are assessed, and how bone loss, ligament stability and infection influence reconstruction.
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How a painful knee replacement is assessed, including infection, loosening, instability and stiffness, before revision is considered.
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How ligament failure, instability and bone loss influence the choice between CCK and rotating-hinge designs in complex primary and revision knee replacement.
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Thumb-side wrist pain with gripping, lifting or carrying a baby may be De Quervain tenosynovitis. Learn diagnosis, splinting, injections and when surgery is considered.
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Finger clicking, catching or locking may be trigger finger. Learn how it is diagnosed, nonsurgical options, injections, and when release surgery is considered.
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Outer elbow pain that worsens with gripping or lifting may be tennis elbow. Learn the diagnosis, treatment, imaging indications, and when to seek specialist review.
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Frozen shoulder causes progressive pain and stiffness, with restriction of both active and passive shoulder movement. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, and treatment is usually nonsurgical and individualized.
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First-step morning heel pain commonly fits a plantar fascia pattern, while a heel spur on X-ray may be incidental. Learn diagnosis, treatment, and red flags.
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Understand Enneking/MSTS and AJCC staging, the difference between grade and stage, and why pathology and full staging matter.
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When repeat extended curettage may still preserve the native joint, and when wider resection or reconstruction becomes necessary.
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Why a tumor megaprosthesis may need revision, how failure is assessed, and how surgeons plan component preservation, bone stock and reconstruction.
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Why a tumor megaprosthesis may loosen without infection, how serial imaging helps, and when revision may be considered.
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How infection around a tumor megaprosthesis is diagnosed and when DAIR, component exchange or staged revision may be considered.
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Why proximal tibial tumor reconstruction often requires patellar-tendon and extensor-mechanism repair, soft-tissue coverage and staged rehabilitation.
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When distal femoral replacement is used after bone tumor resection, how surgery and rehabilitation proceed, and which long-term risks need surveillance.
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How fracture risk is assessed, why Mirels is only one part of the decision, and when preventive stabilization may be considered.
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Diagnosis, MRI and CT, planned biopsy, internal hemipelvectomy, limb salvage and pelvic reconstruction options.
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Core needle versus open biopsy, MRI-before-biopsy planning, safe tract selection, pathology correlation and common mistakes to avoid.
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Diagnosis, MRI and biopsy planning, joint preservation, limb salvage and megaprosthetic reconstruction around the knee.
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Warning signs, MRI-before-biopsy planning, pathology, staging, wide excision, limb salvage and multidisciplinary treatment.
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How Ewing sarcoma is diagnosed and staged, why chemotherapy is central, and how surgery or radiotherapy may be selected for local control.
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Diagnosis, biopsy planning, staging, chemotherapy, limb-salvage surgery, reconstruction and long-term follow-up.
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How GCTB is diagnosed, when extended curettage may preserve the native joint, why recurrence occurs, and when wider resection is considered.
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What should happen after a mass is removed and pathology unexpectedly reports soft-tissue sarcoma: reassessment, MRI, staging and planned definitive treatment.
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How megaprostheses reconstruct the limb after major bone tumor resection, including recovery, function, complications, revision surgery, and long-term surveillance.
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What recurrence means, how it is confirmed, why restaging matters, and when repeat limb salvage or second opinion may be appropriate.
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Symptoms, imaging, biopsy planning, tumor grade, surgery, limb salvage, recurrence, and when specialist review is needed.
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How bone tumors may be removed while preserving the arm or leg, including biopsy planning, wide resection, reconstruction, risks and second opinion timing.
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Costs, implant choices, travel planning, recovery and specialist review before you fly.
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Symptoms, diagnosis, nonsurgical care, and when arthroscopic repair may be considered.
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Why MRI stage, femoral-head collapse and cartilage condition guide the choice between core decompression and hip replacement.
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Why surgeons use a tourniquet, when it may help, and how pressure and inflation time are managed safely.
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Can you have MRI after fracture fixation? Safety labels, titanium, stainless steel and metal artifact explained.
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Symptoms, MRI mapping and how disease distribution guides arthroscopic, open or combined synovectomy.
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Ethics, informed consent, privacy and safer boundaries for medical education and public posting.
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What current evidence says about weight loss, knee pain, GLP-1 therapy and when orthopedic assessment is still needed.
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How a deep infrascapular lump can cause pain or clicking, how MRI supports diagnosis, and when treatment may be needed.
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When night bone pain needs assessment, what warning signs matter, and how X-rays or MRI may guide diagnosis.
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Why early X-rays can look normal, when MRI or CT helps, and when cast treatment or surgery is considered.
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How stability, displacement, X-rays, and soft-tissue injury guide cast, walking boot, or surgery decisions.
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Learn when foot or toe swelling after a cast is expected, and which symptoms need urgent medical assessment.
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Learn when an ankle sprain needs a brace, physiotherapy, short immobilization, imaging, or specialist assessment.
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Persistent or progressive bone pain, night pain, swelling, reduced movement, or a fracture after minor trauma may need orthopedic oncology assessment.
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Benign and malignant bone tumors differ in behavior, imaging features, spread, and treatment; accurate diagnosis may require a planned biopsy.
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Understand how pain, fracture risk, radiotherapy, systemic treatment, and surgery are coordinated in metastatic bone disease.
Read article →Editorial approach: Articles are written for patient education, medically reviewed, and kept separate from the anonymized Case Library. They do not replace individual clinical assessment.
